Advanced Piezoelectric Materials: Typical Parameters of Piezoelectric Ceramics

1. The data in the following material tables was determined using test bodies with geometries and dimensions in accordance with European Standard EN 50324 2, and are typical values.
2. The data given represents nominal values which were determined on these piezoelecric test bodies 24 h - 48 h after polarization and at an ambient temperature 23±2 °C.
3. Conformance to these typical values is documented by constant testing of the individual piezo material batches before they are released.
4. The properties of the products are determined in relation to the geometry, variations of the piezo manufacturing process and measurement or control conditions.
5. Questions regarding interpretation of the piezoceramic material properties of a product are best clarified with PI Ceramic's specialists.
6. A complete coefficient matrix of the materials is available on request.

Piezo Material type				PIC 151	PIC 255	PIC 155	PIC 153	PIC 152	PIC 181	PIC 141	PIC 241	PIC 300	PIC 110
Parameter
Physical and Dielectric Properties
Density		ρ (g/cm3)		7,80	7,80	7,80	7,60	7,70	7,80	7,80	7,80	7,80	5,50
Curie Temperature		Tc (oC)		250	350	345	185	340	330	295	270	370	150
Permittivity	in the polarization direction perpendicular to the polarity	ε33T/ε0		2400	1750	1450	4200	1350	1200	1250	1650	1050	950
		ε 11 T/ ε0		1980	1650	1400			1500	1500	1550	950
Dielectric loss factor		tan δ (10 -3)		20	20	20	30	15	3	5	5	3	15
Electromechanical Properties
Coupling factors		kp		0,62	0,62	0,62	0,62	0,48	0,56	0,55	0,50	0,48	0,30
		kt		0,53	0,47	0,48			0,46	0,48	0,46	0,43	0,42
		k31		0,38	0,35	0,35			0,32	0,31	0,32	0,25	0,18
		k33		0,69	0,69	0,69		0,58	0,66	0,66	0,64	0,46
		k15			0,66				0,63	0,67	0,63	0,32
Piezoelectric charge constants		d31	(10-12 C/N)	-210	-180	-165			-120	-140	-130	-80	-50
		d33		500	400	360	600	300	265	310	290	155	120
		d15			550				475	475	265	155
Piezoelectric voltage constants		g31	(10-3 Vm/N)	-11,5	-11,3	-12,9			-11,2	-13,1	-9,8	-9,5
		g33		22	25	27	16	25	25	29	21	16	-11,9
Acousto-mechanical properties
Frequency constants		Np	(Hzm)	1950	2000	1960	1960	2250	2270	2250	2190	2350	3150
		N1		1500	1420	1500			1640	1610	1590	1700	2300
		N3		1750		1780			2010	1925	1550	1700	2500
		Nt		1950	2000	1990	1960	1920	2110	2060	2140	2100
Elastic constants (compliance)		S11E	(10-12 m2/N)	15,0	16,1	15,6			11,8	12,4	12,6	11,1
		S33E		19,0	20,7	19,7			14,2	13,0	14,3	11,8
Elastic constants (stiffness)		C33D	( 1010 N/m2)	10,0		11,1			16,6	15,8	13,8	16,4
Mechanical quality factor		Qm		100	80	80	50	100	2000	1500	1200	1400	250
Temperature stability
Temperature coefficient of εT33 (in the range -20°C up to +125°C)		TK ε33 (x10-3 /K)		6	4	6	5	2	3	5		2
Aging stability (relative change of the parameter per decade in %)
Relative dielectric constant		Cε	(%)		-1,0	-2,0				-4,0			-5,0
Coupling factor		CK			-1,0	-2,0				-2,0			-8,0

Additional Information:

The following values are valid approximations for all PZT materials manufactured by PI Ceramic.

Spezific heat capacity	HC = approx. 350 Jkg-1 K -1
Spezific thermal conductivity	TC = approx. 1,1 Wm-1 K -1
Poisson's Ratio	σ = approx. 0,34
Coefficient of thermal expansion	α3 = approx. - 4 to - 6 x 10-6 K-1 (in the polarization direction, shortened) α1 = 4 to 8 x 10-6 K-1 ⊥ to the polarization direction, shorted)
Static compressive strength	> 600 MPa

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